7. Earth, Our Home Land: A New Paradigm for a Thriving World
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Planet Astronomical symbol of PlanetThe Blue Marble, the first full-view photograph of the planet, was captured by astronauts en route to the Moon in 1972
Earth is the 3rd planet from sunlight and the only astronomical thing known to harbor life. Based on radiometric dating and some other sources of evidence, World formed over 4. 5 billion years ago. Earth's gravity interacts with other items in space, especially the Sun and the Moon, Earth's only natural satellite tv. Earth revolves around sunlight in 365. 26 days and nights, a period known as an Earth year. Throughout this time, Earth revolves about its axis about 366. 26 times.
Globe's axis of rotation is tilted with respect to its orbital plane, producing seasons in the world. The gravitational interaction between Earth and the Moon causes sea tides, stabilizes Earth's orientation on its axis, and gradually slows its rotation. Earth is the densest planet in the Photo voltaic System and the biggest of the four terrestrial planets.
Earth's lithosphere is divided into several firm tectonic plates that move across the surface over periods of many millions of years. About 71% of Earth's surface is covered with water, generally by oceans. The 29% is land consisting of continents and islands that with each other have many lakes, rivers and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere. Virtually all Earth's polar regions are covered in ice, such as the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack. Globe's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core, a liquid exterior core that generates the Earth's magnetic field, and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics.
Within the first billion years of Earth's history, life appeared in the oceans and started to impact the Earth's atmosphere and surface, leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some geological evidence indicates that life may have arisen as much as 4. 1 billion years ago. Since then, the combo of Earth's distance from the Sunlight, physical properties, and geological history have allowed life to evolve and prosper. In the great the Earth, biodiversity has long gone through long periods of expansion, occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events. More than 99% of most species that ever lived on World are extinct. Estimates of the number of varieties on Earth today vary widely; most species have not been described. Over seven. 6 billion humans live on Earth and count on its biosphere and natural resources for their survival.[40] Humans allow us diverse societies and civilizations; politically, the world has about 200 sovereign states.
The present day English word Earth developed from a broad variety of Middle British forms, which derived from a classic English noun most often spelled eorðe. It has cognates in every Germanic language, and their proto-Germanic root has been reconstructed as *erþō. In its earliest appearances, eorðe was already being utilized to translate the many senses of Latin terra and Ancient greek language γῆ (gē): the floor, its soil, dry land, a persons world, the surface of the world (including the sea), and the world itself. As with Terra and Gaia, Earth was a personified goddess in Germanic paganism: the Angles were listed by Tacitus as among the devotees of Nerthus, and later Norse mythology included Jörð, a giantess often given as the mommy of Thor.
Originally, world was written in lowercase, and from early Middle English, its definite sense as "the globe" was expressed as the earth. By Early Modern The english language, many nouns were made a fortune, and the earth became (and often remained) the Earth, particularly when referenced together with other heavenly physiques. More recently, the name is sometimes simply given as Earth, by example with the names of some other planets. House styles now vary: Oxford spelling acknowledges the lowercase form as the most common, with the capitalized form an acceptable version. Another convention capitalizes "Earth" when appearing as a name (e. g. "Earth's atmosphere") but writes it in lowercase when forwent by the (e. gary the gadget guy. "the atmosphere of the earth"). It almost always appears in lowercase in colloquial expressions such as "what in the world are you doing? ".
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