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7. Earth, Our Home Land: A New Paradigm for a Thriving World

Earth Astronomical symbol of EarthTypically the Blue Marble, the first full-view photograph of the planet, was captured by astronauts en route to the Moon in 1972

Earth is the 3rd planet from sunlight and the only astronomical thing known to harbor life. According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence, World formed over 4. 5 billion years ago. Earth's gravity treats other objects in space, especially the Sun and the Celestial body overhead, Earth's only natural satellite television. Earth revolves around sunlight in 365. 26 days, a period known as an Earth year. In the course of this time, Earth moves about its axis about 366. 26 times.

Globe's axis of rotation is tilted with respect to its orbital plane, producing seasons on the planet. The gravitational interaction between Earth and the Moon causes ocean tides, stabilizes Earth's orientation on its axis, and steadily slows its turn. Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System and the most significant of the four terrestrial planets.

Earth's lithosphere is divided into several inflexible tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years. About 71% of Earth's surface is covered with water, mostly by oceans. The 29% is land comprising regions and islands that together have many lakes, waterways and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere. The majority of Globe's polar regions are covered in ice, such as the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack. Earth's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core, a liquid exterior core that generates the Earth's magnetic field, and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics.

Within just the first billion years of Earth's history, life appeared in the seas and commenced to influence the Earth's atmosphere and surface, leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some geological evidence indicates that life could have arisen as much as 4. 1 billion years ago. Since then, the combo of Globe's distance from the Sun, physical properties, and geological history have allowed life to evolve and thrive. In the good the Earth, biodiversity has long gone through long periods of expansion, occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events. More than 99% of species that ever lived on Earth are extinct. Estimates of the number of species on Earth today vary extensively; most species have not been described. Over 7. 6 billion humans live on Earth and count on its biosphere and natural resources for their your survival.[40] Humans have developed diverse societies and cultures; politically, the world has about 200 sovereign states.

The present day English word Planet developed from a wide variety of Middle The english language forms, which derived from a vintage English noun most often spelled eorðe. This has cognates in most Germanic language, and their proto-Germanic root has been reconstructed as *erþō. In its earliest appearances, eorðe was already being used to translate the many senses of Latin terra and Greek γῆ (gē): the floor, their soil, dry land, your world, the surface of the world (including the sea), and the world itself. As with Terra and Gaia, Earth was a personified goddess in Germanic paganism: the Angles were posted by Tacitus as among the devotees of Nerthus, and later Norse mythology included Jörð, a giantess often given as the mommy of Thor.

Originally, world was written in lowercase, and from early Center English, its definite sense as "the globe" was expressed as the earth. By Early Modern English, many nouns were capitalized, and the earth became (and often remained) the Earth, particularly when referenced alongside with other heavenly physiques. More recently, the name is sometimes simply given as Earth, by analogy with the names of the other planets. House styles now vary: Oxford spelling acknowledges the lowercase form as the most common, with the made a fortune form an acceptable alternative. Another convention capitalizes "Earth" when appearing as a name (e. g. "Earth's atmosphere") but writes it in lowercase when preceded by the (e. gary the gadget guy. "the atmosphere of the earth"). It almost always appears in lowercase in colloquial expressions such as "what on the planet are you doing? ".

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