Happy Earth Day ~ Hudson Valley Geologist
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7. Earth, Our Home Land: A New Paradigm for a Thriving World
World Astronomical symbol of EarthTypically the Blue Marble, the first full-view photograph of the planet, was captured by astronauts en route to the Moon in 1972
Earth is the 3rd planet from sunlight and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence, Planet formed over 4. 5 billion years ago. Globe's gravity treats other items in space, especially the Sun and the Celestial body overhead, Earth's only natural satellite television. Earth revolves around the sunlight in 365. 26 days and nights, a period known as an Earth year. During this time, Earth rotates about its axis about 366. 26 times.
Earth's axis of rotation is tilted with respect to its orbital plane, producing seasons on the planet. The gravitational interaction between Earth and the Moon causes marine tides, stabilizes Earth's alignment on its axis, and slowly slows its turn. Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets.
Earth's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years. About 71% of Earth's surface is covered with water, mostly by oceans. The 29% is land comprising continents and islands that together have many lakes, waterways and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere. Virtually all Earth's polar regions are protected in ice, like the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack. Globe's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core, a liquid outer core that generates the Earth's magnetic field, and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics.
Within the first billion years of Earth's history, life appeared in the oceans and started out to influence the Earth's atmosphere and surface, leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some geological evidence indicates that life may have arisen as much as 4. 1 billion dollars years ago. Since then, the combo of Globe's distance from the Sunlight, physical properties, and geological history have allowed life to evolve and thrive. In the history of the Earth, biodiversity has eliminated through long periods of expansion, occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events. More than 99% of most species that ever lived on Planet are extinct. Estimates of the number of types in the world today vary broadly; most species have not been described. Over 7. 6 billion humans live on Earth and depend upon its biosphere and natural resources for their your survival.[40] Humans allow us diverse societies and civilizations; politically, the world has about 200 sovereign says.
The current English word Planet developed from a wide variety of Middle The english language forms, which derived from a classic English noun most often spelled eorðe. This has cognates in every Germanic language, and their proto-Germanic root has been reconstructed as *erþō. In their earliest appearances, eorðe was already being utilized to convert the many senses of Latin terra and Ancient greek γῆ (gē): the floor, their soil, dry land, a persons world, the surface of the world (including the sea), and the world itself. As with Terra and Gaia, Earth was a personified goddess in Germanic paganism: the Angles were listed by Tacitus as among the devotees of Nerthus, and later Norse mythology included Jörð, a giantess often given as the mommy of Thor.
Originally, earth was written in lowercase, and from early Middle English, its definite sense as "the globe" was expressed as the earth. By Early Modern English, many nouns were made a fortune, and the earth became (and often remained) the Earth, particularly when referenced together with other heavenly body. More recently, the name is sometimes simply given as Earth, by example with the names of some other planets. House styles now vary: Oxford spelling acknowledges the lowercase form as the most common, with the capitalized form an acceptable alternative. Another convention capitalizes "Earth" when appearing as a name (e. g. "Earth's atmosphere") but writes it in lowercase when forwent by the (e. gary the gadget guy. "the atmosphere of the earth"). It almost always appears in lowercase in colloquial expressions such as "what on earth are you doing? ".