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Earth Astronomical symbol of EarthTypically the Blue Marble, the first full-view photograph of the planet, was captured by astronauts en route to the Moon in 72

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical thing known to harbor life. In accordance with radiometric dating and some other sources of evidence, Planet formed over 4. 5 billion years ago. Earth's gravity interacts with other items in space, especially the Sun and the Celestial body overhead, Earth's only natural satellite. Earth revolves around the Sun in 365. 26 times, a period known as an Earth year. During this time, Earth rotates about its axis about 366. 26 times.

Globe's axis of rotation is tilted with respect to its orbital plane, producing seasons on the planet. The gravitational interaction between Earth and the Moon causes sea tides, stabilizes Earth's alignment on its axis, and steadily slows its rotation. Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System and the greatest of the four terrestrial planets.

Earth's lithosphere is divided into several firm tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many hundreds of thousands of years. About 71% of Earth's surface is covered with water, mostly by oceans. The remaining 29% is land comprising continents and islands that collectively have many lakes, waterways and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere. The majority of Earth's polar regions are protected in ice, like the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack. Globe's interior remains active with a solid iron interior core, a liquid exterior core that generates the Earth's magnetic field, and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics.

Within just the first billion years of Earth's history, life appeared in the seas and commenced to influence the Earth's atmosphere and surface, leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some geological evidence indicates that life might have arisen as much as 4. 1 billion years ago. Since then, the blend of Earth's distance from the Sunlight, physical properties, and geological history have allowed life to evolve and thrive. In the history of the Earth, biodiversity has gone through long periods of expansion, occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events. More than 99% of all species that ever lived on Earth are extinct. Estimates of the number of species on Earth today vary broadly; most species have not been described. Over several. 6 billion humans live on Earth and depend upon its biosphere and natural resources for their your survival.[40] Humans are suffering from diverse societies and cultures; politically, the world has about 200 sovereign declares.

The modern English word Earth developed from a broad variety of Middle British forms, which derived from a classic English noun most often spelled eorðe. It has cognates in each Germanic language, and their proto-Germanic root has been reconstructed as *erþō. In the earliest appearances, eorðe was already used to translate the many senses of Latin terra and Greek γῆ (gē): the ground, the soil, dry land, a persons world, the surface of the world (including the sea), and the world itself. As with Terra and Gaia, Earth was a personified goddess in Germanic paganism: the Angles were listed by Tacitus as among the devotees of Nerthus, and later Norse mythology included Jörð, a giantess often given because the mommy of Thor.

Originally, planet was written in lowercase, and from early Middle English, its definite sense as "the globe" was expressed as the world. By Early Modern British, many nouns were capitalized, and the earth became (and often remained) the Earth, particularly when referenced alongside with other heavenly physiques. More recently, the name is sometimes simply given as Earth, by analogy with the names of some other planets. House styles now vary: Oxford spelling acknowledges the lowercase form as the utmost common, with the capitalized form an acceptable version. Another convention capitalizes "Earth" when appearing as a name (e. g. "Earth's atmosphere") but writes it in lowercase when preceded by the (e. g. "the atmosphere of the earth"). It almost always appears in lowercase in colloquial expressions such as "what in the world are you doing? ".

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